Initialize an existing directory as a Git repository
$ git init $ git init --initial-branch=main # define the initial branch name $ git init -b=main # short version
Makes a duplicate of an existing Git repository. Cloning is the most popular method through which developers receive a working copy of a central repository.
$ git clone <url> $ git clone <url> <repo_name>
Add a git URL as an alias
git remote add <alias> <url>
It tells Git that you want to include updates to all your files in the next commit.
git add .
Add a file as it looks now to your next commit
git add <file>
Create a new commit containing the current contents of the index and the given log message describing the changes.
git commit -m "description"
It moves all your committed changes to the remote repository.
git push
Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch
git push <alias> <branch>
Push all of your local branches to the specified remote
git push --all git push <remote> --all
Tags are not automatically pushed when you push a branch or use the --all option. The --tags flag sends all of your local tags to the remote repository.
git push --tags git push <remote> --tags
Displays the current status of the working directory. You should use it in combination with git add and git commit to know what files were added and committed.
git status
List your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch
git branch
Create a new branch at the current commit
git branch <branch_name>
git branch -M main
Creates a new branch on your local machine and opens it.
git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
Delete a branch on your local filesystem.
git branch -d <branch_name>
Note: I always delete branches locally through this command and use GitHub UI to delete them globally. Seems for me like the safest method.
Delete a branch on remote.
git branch -D <branch_name>
Integrate all changes from another branch into yours.
git merge <branch_name>
By calling it, you will get all changes from the remote branch to your local copy.
git pull
Fetch down all the branches from that Git remote
git fetch git fetch <remote> git fetch <remote> <branch> git fetch --all # fetches all branches of all remotes
git fetch --dry-run
Stores uncommitted changes (both staged and unstaged) for later use and subsequently reverts them from your working copy.
git stash
You aren't limited to a single stash
List stashes
$ git stash list
stash@{0}: WIP on main: 5002d47 our new homepage stash@{1}: WIP on main: 5002d74 our new contact page stash@{2}: WIP on main: 5002d88 our new support page
Reapply previously stashed changes
git stash pop
Choose which stash to re-apply
git stash pop stash@{2}
Discard the changes from top of stash stack
git stash drop
Show all commits in the current branch’s history
git log
Limit the number of commits that are displayed
git log -3
Show all commits in the current branch’s history and display message in one line.
git log --pretty=oneline
"A Dog" = --all --decorate --oneline --graph
git log --all --decorate --oneline --graph
Looking for a commit from a specific time frame.
git log --before="2021-12-25" git log --after="2021-12-1" git log --after="yesterday" git log --after="1 week ago" git log --after="2021-12-1" --before="2021-12-25"
Filter commits by their commit message.
git log --grep="JRA-123:"
If you’re only interested in changes that happened to a particular file.
git log -- foo.py bar.py
Show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB.
git log branchB..branchA
Diff of what is changed but not staged
git diff
Diff of what is staged but not yet commited
git diff --staged
Show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB
git diff branchB...branchA
List existing tags in Git.
git tag
It removes everything in the staging area
git reset
Unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory
git reset <file>
Clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit
git reset --hard <commit>
Apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one
git rebase <branch>
improve your productivity
$ git config --global alias.co checkout $ git config --global alias.br branch $ git config --global alias.ci commit $ git config --global alias.st status $ git config --global alias.unstage 'reset HEAD --'
# ~/.gitconfig [alias] co = checkout br = branch ci = commit st = status unstage = 'reset HEAD --'
> Takes all added files and commits them to the project history. Combined with git add, this defines the basic workflow for all Git users.